Pervasive Aniconism: A Cognitive Approach to Elagabal’s Sacred 
Stone of Emesa

Hodge, Alex

Pervasive Aniconism: A Cognitive Approach to Elagabal’s Sacred
Stone of Emesa

Publication Date

July 20, 2024

Creator

Hodge, Alex

Abstract

Elagabal, the local god of Emesa in Syria, was worshipped in the form of an aniconic stone. Non-figural aniconic cult objects pervade the historical record. Nevertheless, both ancient and modern attitudes toward aniconic cult objects tends to misunderstand and/or denigrate them as primitive or underdeveloped manifestations of divinities. This thesis challenges the traditional view, exploring the phenomenon of aniconic cult objects through the case study of Elagabal’s sacred stone. It uses interdisciplinary cognitive methodologies to argue that the stone was a highly effective and deeply nuanced marker of divine presence. Although aniconic cult objects are frequently unique, it is hoped that this case study yields insight into the cognitive processes and mechanisms underlying human engagement with aniconic cult objects more widely. Chapter one comprises an overview of the evidence and scholarship on Elagabal’s cult to date; a discussion about aniconism more widely; and an introduction to cognitive methodologies. Chapter Two discusses the cultural transmission of the sacred stone. Chapters Three and Four explore the source and nature of the stone’s agency, and its relationship to the god, Elagabal.

Item Type

ethesis

Thesis Type

MRes

Supervisors

Kropp, Andreas

Thompson, Matt

Keywords

Elagabal

Emesa

Aniconism

Cognitive

Cult Object

Litholatry

Subjects (LC)

BL Religion

DS Asia

Associated Schools / Departments

School of Humanities

eprints ID

77338

UoN Repository URI

https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/handle/123456789/56193

Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Name

Alex Hodge - 20153839 - thesis.pdf

Type

Full-text

Description

Examined

Size

4.01 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum (MD5)

40f426e8a3d4a692df8d0764f96d8289